Theme 6: Life in the City & Country

Unit Vocabulary

Food Events & Festivals

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
cuisine	mutfak kültürü	/kwɪˈziːn/	Turkish cuisine is famous around the world.
traditional food	geleneksel yemek	/trəˈdɪʃənəl fuːd/	Kebab is a traditional food in Turkey.
international food	uluslararası yemek	/ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl fuːd/	You can find international food in big cities.
street food	sokak yemeği	/striːt fuːd/	Street food is very popular in Istanbul.
food fair	yemek fuarı	/fuːd feə/	There is a big food fair in our city every summer.
local dish	yerel yemek	/ˈləʊkəl dɪʃ/	Mantı is a famous local dish from Kayseri.
regional dish	bölgesel yemek	/ˈriːdʒənəl dɪʃ/	Every region in Turkey has its own regional dish.
feast	ziyafet, şölen	/fiːst/	My grandmother always prepares a big feast for the family.

Food Items & Ingredients

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
ingredients	malzemeler	/ɪnˈɡriːdiənts/	What ingredients do you need for this recipe?
cream	krema	/kriːm/	Add some cream to make the soup thicker.
sweetcorn	tatlı mısır	/ˈswiːtkɔːn/	I love eating sweetcorn on the cob.
cereal	tahıl, mısır gevreği	/ˈsɪəriəl/	I eat cereal with milk for breakfast.
yoghurt	yoğurt	/ˈjɒɡət/	Turkish yoghurt is thick and creamy.
seafood	deniz ürünleri	/ˈsiːfuːd/	The restaurant serves fresh seafood every day.
salmon	somon	/ˈsæmən/	Grilled salmon is very healthy and delicious.
beef	sığır eti	/biːf/	This stew is made with beef and vegetables.
duck	ördek	/dʌk/	Roast duck is a popular dish in Chinese cuisine.
tuna	ton balığı	/ˈtjuːnə/	I make sandwiches with tuna and sweetcorn.
mushroom	mantar	/ˈmʌʃruːm/	I love mushroom soup on cold days.
pineapple	ananas	/ˈpaɪnæpl/	Some people put pineapple on pizza.
coconut	hindistancevizi	/ˈkəʊkənʌt/	Coconut milk is used in many Asian dishes.
aubergine	patlıcan	/ˈəʊbəʒiːn/	Aubergine is the main ingredient in imam bayıldı.
spinach	ıspanak	/ˈspɪnɪtʃ/	My mother makes delicious spinach börek.
vinegar	sirke	/ˈvɪnɪɡə/	Add a little vinegar to the salad dressing.
herbs	otlar, baharatlık bitkiler	/hɜːbz/	Fresh herbs like parsley and mint make food tastier.
courgette	kabak	/kʊəˈʒet/	We grow courgettes in our garden every summer.

International Dishes

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
lahmacun	lahmacun	/lɑːməˈdʒuːn/	Lahmacun is sometimes called "Turkish pizza".
couscous	kuskus	/ˈkuːskuːs/	Couscous is a traditional North African dish.
barbecue	barbekü	/ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/	We have a barbecue in the garden every weekend.
lamb chop	kuzu pirzola	/læm tʃɒp/	Grilled lamb chops are my favourite dish.
kebab	kebap	/kɪˈbæb/	Adana kebab is spicy and delicious.
stew	güveç, yahni	/stjuː/	My grandmother makes the best lamb stew.
noodles	erişte, noodle	/ˈnuːdlz/	Noodles are a staple food in Asian countries.
curry	köri	/ˈkʌri/	Indian curry is very spicy and flavourful.
tacos	taco	/ˈtækəʊz/	Tacos are a popular Mexican street food.
falafel	falafel	/fəˈlæfəl/	Falafel is made from chickpeas and served in pita bread.
omelette	omlet	/ˈɒmlɪt/	I have a cheese omelette for breakfast every morning.
burger	hamburger	/ˈbɜːɡə/	Do you want a chicken or a beef burger?
pasta	makarna	/ˈpæstə/	Italian pasta with tomato sauce is easy to cook.
dessert	tatlı	/dɪˈzɜːt/	Baklava is a famous Turkish dessert.
soup	çorba	/suːp/	Lentil soup is a classic Turkish starter.
biscuit	bisküvi	/ˈbɪskɪt/	Would you like a biscuit with your tea?

Taste & Texture Adjectives

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
spicy	baharatlı, acı	/ˈspaɪsi/	Adana kebab is very spicy.
salty	tuzlu	/ˈsɔːlti/	This soup is too salty. Don't add more salt.
hot	acı, sıcak	/hɒt/	Be careful, the curry is very hot!
sweet	tatlı	/swiːt/	Turkish baklava is very sweet and delicious.
sour	ekşi	/saʊə/	Lemons taste sour.
bitter	acı	/ˈbɪtə/	Turkish coffee can be bitter without sugar.
savoury	tuzlu, lezzetli	/ˈseɪvəri/	Do you prefer savoury or sweet snacks?
juicy	sulu	/ˈdʒuːsi/	The grilled chicken is very juicy and tender.
creamy	kremalı	/ˈkriːmi/	This creamy mushroom soup is my favourite.
tender	yumuşak (et)	/ˈtendə/	The lamb chops are very tender and tasty.
giant	dev, çok büyük	/ˈdʒaɪənt/	They serve a giant burger at that restaurant!

Cooking Actions & Places

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
to taste	tatmak	/teɪst/	Can I taste the soup before dinner?
to crack (eggs)	kırmak (yumurta)	/kræk/	Crack two eggs into the bowl.
to stir	karıştırmak	/stɜː/	Stir the soup slowly so it doesn't burn.
to cook	pişirmek, yemek yapmak	/kʊk/	My father cooks dinner every Friday.
to grill	ızgara yapmak	/ɡrɪl/	We grill meat at the barbecue.
to serve	servis yapmak	/sɜːv/	The waiter serves the food to the customers.
stall	tezgâh, stand	/stɔːl/	There are many food stalls at the festival.
street vendor	sokak satıcısı	/striːt ˈvendə/	The street vendor sells simit and chestnut.

Grammar

Simple Present Tense — "Or" Questions & Wh-Questions

"Or" Questions — Asking for Options

Do/Does + Subject + Verb + A or B?

Remember!

We use "or" to give two or more options in a question.

Q: Is this a local or an international festival?

A: It's a local festival.

Q: Do you prefer spicy or mild food?

A: I prefer mild food.

Q: Do you want a chicken or a beef burger?

A: I want a chicken burger, please.

Wh-Questions — Habits & Routines

Wh-word + do/does + Subject + Verb?

Q: What do you usually eat for breakfast?

A: I usually eat cereal and yoghurt.

Q: Where does your family have dinner?

A: We have dinner in the dining room.

Q: How often do you eat street food?

A: I eat street food once a week.

Q: Which cuisine do you like the most?

A: I like Turkish cuisine the most.

Q: Who cooks dinner at home?

A: My mother usually cooks dinner.

Present Progressive Tense — What's Cooking Now?

Affirmative (+)

Subject + am / is / are + V-ing

Negative (−)

Subject + am not / isn't / aren't + V-ing

Question (?)

Am / Is / Are + Subject + V-ing?

Time Expressions

now · at the moment · at present · right now · currently

Examples — Questions & Answers

Q: What are you cooking now?

A: I'm making mushroom soup.

Q: Is she stirring the sauce?

A: Yes, she's stirring it right now.

Q: Are they grilling the lamb chops?

A: No, they aren't. They're preparing the salad.

Q: What is the street vendor selling at the moment?

A: He's selling roasted chestnuts and simit.

Q: Are you tasting the curry?

A: Yes, I'm tasting it. It's a bit spicy!

Simple Present vs Present Progressive — Comparison

When Do We Use Each Tense?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
Habits, routines, facts	Actions happening now / at the moment
every day, usually, always, often	now, at the moment, right now, currently
I cook dinner every evening.	I am cooking dinner right now.
She eats cereal for breakfast.	She is eating cereal at the moment.
They sell kebab at that stall.	They are selling kebab now.

Side-by-Side Examples

Comparison

SP: I usually drink tea in the morning. (habit)

PP: I am drinking coffee right now. (happening now)

Comparison

SP: My mother makes soup every Sunday. (routine)

PP: My mother is making soup at the moment. (now)

Comparison

SP: The food fair opens at 10 every day. (fact)

PP: Look! People are entering the food fair now. (right now)

Vocabulary Focus

Grammar Focus

Unit Vocabulary