Vocabulary Focus
Grammar Focus
Social Language
Unit Vocabulary
Jobs & Professions | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| actor (n) | aktör, oyuncu | /ˈæk.tər/ | An actor should be creative and courageous on stage. |
| aesthetician (n) | estetisyen | /ˌes.θəˈtɪʃ.ən/ | An aesthetician must be careful and patient with clients. |
| dietician (n) | diyetisyen | /ˌdaɪ.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ | If you want to eat healthy, you should see a dietician. |
| engineer (n) | mühendis | /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪər/ | An engineer must be good at maths and problem-solving. |
| fashion designer (n) | moda tasarımcısı | /ˈfæʃ.ən dɪˈzaɪ.nər/ | A fashion designer should be creative and follow trends. |
| IT specialist (n) | bilişim uzmanı | /ˌaɪˈtiː ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪst/ | An IT specialist must know about computers and networks. |
| journalist (n) | gazeteci | /ˈdʒɜː.nəl.ɪst/ | A journalist should be courageous and self-confident. |
| musician (n) | müzisyen | /mjuˈzɪʃ.ən/ | A musician must practise every day to improve. |
| novelist (n) | romancı | /ˈnɒv.əl.ɪst/ | A good novelist should be creative and sensitive. |
| pharmacist (n) | eczacı | /ˈfɑː.mə.sɪst/ | A pharmacist must be careful when preparing medicines. |
| photographer (n) | fotoğrafçı | /fəˈtɒɡ.rə.fər/ | A photographer should be patient to capture the perfect moment. |
| veterinarian (n) | veteriner | /ˌvet.ər.ɪˈneə.ri.ən/ | If your pet is sick, you should take it to a veterinarian. |
Personality & Character | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| bossy (adj) | otoriter, patronvari | /ˈbɒs.i/ | A good leader shouldn't be too bossy with the team. |
| careful (adj) | dikkatli | /ˈkeə.fəl/ | You should be careful when crossing the road. |
| co-operative (adj) | işbirlikçi | /kəʊˈɒp.ər.ə.tɪv/ | Team members must be co-operative to succeed. |
| courageous (adj) | cesur | /kəˈreɪ.dʒəs/ | Firefighters must be courageous and strong. |
| creative (adj) | yaratıcı | /kriˈeɪ.tɪv/ | If you want to be an artist, you should be creative. |
| doubtful (adj) | şüpheli, kuşkulu | /ˈdaʊt.fəl/ | I'm doubtful about whether this plan will work. |
| friendly (adj) | arkadaş canlısı | /ˈfrend.li/ | A receptionist should be friendly and polite. |
| hopeless (adj) | umutsuz | /ˈhəʊp.ləs/ | Don't feel hopeless — you can always improve! |
| patient (adj) | sabırlı | /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/ | Teachers must be patient with their students. |
| pessimistic (adj) | kötümser | /ˌpes.ɪˈmɪs.tɪk/ | Don't be pessimistic — things will get better! |
| self-confident (adj) | özgüvenli | /ˌself.ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/ | A self-confident person is more likely to succeed in life. |
| sensitive (adj) | hassas, duyarlı | /ˈsen.sɪ.tɪv/ | A good friend should be sensitive to others' feelings. |
| voluntary (adj) | gönüllü | /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/ | She does voluntary work at the animal shelter every weekend. |
Work & Daily Life | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| challenging (adj) | zorlayıcı | /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/ | Being a doctor is a challenging but rewarding career. |
| household (n) | ev işleri, hane | /ˈhaʊs.həʊld/ | Everyone should help with household chores like cooking and cleaning. |
| library (n) | kütüphane | /ˈlaɪ.brər.i/ | You must be quiet in the library. |
| monotonous (adj) | monoton, tekdüze | /məˈnɒt.ən.əs/ | Factory work can be very monotonous and tiring. |
| netiquette (n) | internet görgü kuralları | /ˈnet.ɪ.ket/ | Good netiquette means being polite in online discussions. |
| off-topic (adj) | konu dışı | /ˌɒf.ˈtɒp.ɪk/ | Your comment is off-topic — please stay focused on the discussion. |
| promising (adj) | umut verici | /ˈprɒm.ɪ.sɪŋ/ | She has a promising career ahead of her. |
| rewarding (adj) | tatmin edici, ödüllendirici | /rɪˈwɔː.dɪŋ/ | Teaching is a very rewarding profession. |
| tip (n) | ipucu, tavsiye | /tɪp/ | Here's a useful tip: always plan your homework in advance. |
| tough (adj) | zor, sert | /tʌf/ | Working as a nurse can be really tough. |
| unpleasant (adj) | nahoş, tatsız | /ʌnˈplez.ənt/ | If you don't follow the rules, there will be unpleasant consequences. |
| untalented (adj) | yeteneksiz | /ʌnˈtæl.ən.tɪd/ | Nobody is untalented — everyone has something special. |
Grammar
Modals — Should, Must, Could, Have toYou should study harder if you want better grades.
Daha iyi notlar istiyorsan daha çok çalışmalısın.
You shouldn't eat too much junk food.
Çok fazla abur cubur yememelisin.
You must wear a seatbelt in the car.
Arabada emniyet kemeri takmalısın.
You mustn't use your phone in class.
Derste telefonunu kullanmamalısın.
| Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have to + V1 | Students have to wear a uniform. |
| He / She / It | has to + V1 | She has to finish the project today. |
You don't have to come early tomorrow. (It's not necessary.)
Yarın erken gelmek zorunda değilsin.
You could try a different approach.
Farklı bir yaklaşım deneyebilirsin.
She could talk to the school counsellor about it.
Bu konuda okul rehberliğiyle konuşabilir.
| Modal | Meaning | Strength |
|---|---|---|
| could | polite suggestion |  |
| should | advice, recommendation |  |
| have to | external obligation |  |
| must | strong obligation / law |  |
Conditional Type 1 — Real PossibilitiesIf you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Çok çalışırsan sınavı geçersin.
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go on a picnic.
Yarın yağmur yağarsa pikniğe gitmeyiz.
If she doesn't hurry, she will miss the bus.
Acele etmezse otobüsü kaçırır.
If you feel tired, you should take a rest.
Yorgun hissediyorsan dinlenmelisin.
If you finish early, you can leave the classroom.
Erken bitirirsen sınıftan çıkabilirsin.
Use Present Simple in the if-clause, NOT will.
If you will study hard…
If you study hard…
The if-clause can come first or second:
If you work hard, you will succeed.
You will succeed if you work hard.
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