Unit 9: Science

Vocabulary

Lab & Equipment

Word	Turkish	Example
lab (n)	laboratuvar	We do experiments in the science lab.
test tube (n)	deney tüpü	She put the liquid into a test tube.
to do an experiment (v)	deney yapmak	We are doing an experiment in chemistry class.
safety (n)	güvenlik	Safety is the most important rule in the lab.
process (n)	süreç	The scientific process takes time and patience.
result (n)	sonuç	The result of the experiment was surprising.

Research & Discovery

Word	Turkish	Example
to discover (v)	keşfetmek	Newton discovered the law of gravity.
to explore (v)	araştırmak, keşfe çıkmak	Scientists are exploring new planets.
to search (v/n)	aramak, araştırmak	They are searching for a cure for cancer.
to succeed (v)	başarmak	After many tries, they finally succeeded.
cell (n)	hücre	The human body has trillions of cells.
scientific (adj)	bilimsel	This is a scientific discovery.

Achievements & Innovation

Word	Turkish	Example
to invent (v)	icat etmek	Edison invented the light bulb.
to cure (v/n)	tedavi etmek / tedavi	Scientists are trying to find a cure for many diseases.
vaccination (n)	aşılama	Vaccination has saved millions of lives.
genius (n)	dahi	Einstein was a true genius.
high-tech (adj)	yüksek teknolojili	Japan is famous for its high-tech products.
to explode (v)	patlamak	The volcano exploded and destroyed the city.

Famous Scientists & Inventions

Bilim dünyasını değiştiren isimler — Do you know their discoveries?

Thomas Edison

Light Bulb

Invented the practical electric light bulb

Marie Curie

Radioactivity

Discovered radium and polonium

Alexander Fleming

Penicillin

Discovered the first antibiotic

Isaac Newton

Gravity

Discovered the law of gravity

Albert Einstein

Relativity

Developed the theory of relativity

Nikola Tesla

Electricity

Pioneered alternating current (AC)

Ibn Sina

Medicine

Father of early modern medicine

Aziz Sancar

DNA Repair

Nobel Prize for DNA repair research

Galileo Galilei

Telescope

Father of observational astronomy

Science is the key to the future!

Lab Safety Rules

Laboratuvar güvenlik kuralları — Safety first!

You must wear safety goggles
Güvenlik gözlüğü takmalısın
You mustn't eat or drink in the lab
Laboratuvarda yiyip içmemelisin
You must wear a lab coat
Laboratuvar önlüğü giymelisin
You mustn't touch chemicals directly
Kimyasallara doğrudan dokunmamalısın
You must follow your teacher's instructions
Öğretmeninin talimatlarına uymalısın
You mustn't run in the laboratory
Laboratuvarda koşmamalısın
You must wash your hands after experiments
Deneylerden sonra ellerini yıkamalısın
You mustn't smell chemicals directly
Kimyasalları doğrudan koklamamalısın
You must report any accidents immediately
Kazaları hemen bildirmelisin
You must keep the lab clean and tidy
Laboratuvarı temiz ve düzenli tutmalısın

Stay safe, do great science!

Grammar

Present Continuous (Şimdiki Zaman)

Structure (Yapı)

Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

Subject	Auxiliary	Verb + -ing	Example
I	am	reading	I am reading a science book.
He / She / It	is	doing	She is doing an experiment.
We / You / They	are	preparing	They are preparing a project.

Time Expressions (Zaman İfadeleri)

Currently Happening

now • right now • at the moment • currently • nowadays • these days

My brother and his friends are preparing a science project nowadays.

Kardeşim ve arkadaşları bugünlerde bir bilim projesi hazırlıyor.

What kind of books are you reading these days?

Bu günlerde ne tür kitaplar okuyorsun?

Scientists are currently exploring new ways to produce clean energy.

Bilim insanları şu anda temiz enerji üretmenin yeni yollarını araştırıyor.

Negative & Question

(−) Subject + am/is/are + not + V-ing | (?) Am/Is/Are + Subject + V-ing?

Q: Are they doing research in the library?

A: Yes, they are. They are searching for information about space.

Simple Past (Geçmiş Zaman)

Structure

Subject + verb (V2) | Subject + did not (didn't) + V1

Type	V1	V2	Example
Regular	discover	discovered	Newton discovered gravity.
Regular	invent	invented	Edison invented the light bulb.
Regular	explode	exploded	The rocket exploded in 1986.
Irregular	find	found	Fleming found penicillin.
Irregular	make	made	Scientists made a great discovery.
Irregular	build	built	They built the first computer.

Past Time Expressions

In the Past

yesterday • last week/month/year • in 1905 • two years ago • in the past • in the 20th century

Scientific achievements of the past century changed the world.

Geçen yüzyılın bilimsel başarıları dünyayı değiştirdi.

Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in 1903.

Marie Curie 1903'te Nobel Ödülü kazandı.

Aziz Sancar received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2015.

Aziz Sancar 2015'te Kimya Nobel Ödülü'nü aldı.

Present Continuous vs Simple Past

Karşılaştırma

	Present Continuous	Simple Past
Ne zaman?	Şu anda / bugünlerde olan	Geçmişte olmuş ve bitmiş
Yapı	am/is/are + V-ing	V2 (düzenli: -ed / düzensiz)
Zaman ifadeleri	now, currently, these days, nowadays	yesterday, last year, in 1905, ago
Örnek	Scientists are working on a new vaccine nowadays.	Scientists discovered penicillin in 1928.

Mixed Examples

Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. (Past bitmiş)

Scientists are currently developing new medicines. (Now devam ediyor)

Aziz Sancar won the Nobel Prize in 2015. (Past bitmiş)

My brother is reading a science fiction novel these days. (Now devam ediyor)

Vocabulary

Grammar

Vocabulary

Flashcards