Vocabulary
Grammar
Functions Vocabulary
Natural Disasters | Word | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| earthquake (n) | deprem | A massive earthquake hit the city last year. |
| flood (n/v) | sel | Heavy rain caused a terrible flood. |
| tornado (n) | kasirga, hortum | The tornado destroyed many houses. |
| volcano (n) | yanardağ | The volcano erupted and lava covered the area. |
| tsunami (n) | tsunami | A tsunami is a giant wave caused by an earthquake. |
| hurricane (n) | kasırga | The hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rain. |
| avalanche (n) | çığ | An avalanche blocked the mountain road. |
| landslide (n) | toprak kayması, heyelan | The landslide damaged several buildings. |
| drought (n) | kuraklık | The drought lasted for three months. |
Effects & Consequences | Word | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| disaster (n) | felaket, afet | The earthquake was a terrible disaster. |
| to suffer (v) | acı çekmek, zarar görmek | Many people suffered after the flood. |
| survivor (n) | hayatta kalan | Rescue teams found three survivors. |
| to melt (v) | erimek | Glaciers are melting because of global warming. |
| global warming (n) | küresel ısınma | Global warming is one of the biggest problems today. |
Precautions & Actions | Word | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| precaution (n) | önlem | We should take precautions against earthquakes. |
Natural Disasters Doğal afetler — Do you know what to do in an emergency?
Be prepared, stay safe! 
Precaution Checklist Afet öncesi hazırlıklar — Are you ready?
Protect our planet, protect our future! 
Flashcards
Grammar
will / won't (Gelecek Tahminleri)
Structure (Yapı)| Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Olumlu (+) | Subject + will + V1 | There will be more droughts in the future. |
| Olumsuz (−) | Subject + won't + V1 | There won't be enough water. |
| Soru (?) | Will + Subject + V1? | Will there be a water shortage? |
Predictions (Tahminler)I think we will have water shortage in the future.
Gelecekte su kıtlığı yaşayacağımızı düşünüyorum.
I think there will be serious droughts.
Ciddi kuraklıklar olacağını düşünüyorum.
Global warming will cause more natural disasters.
Küresel ısınma daha fazla doğal afete neden olacak.
Q: Do you think there will be a water shortage?
A: Yes. There won't be enough water for everyone.
I think + will tahmin (olumlu) | I don't think + will tahmin (olumsuz)
I think glaciers will melt faster. / I don't think it will rain tomorrow.
should / must (Öneri & Zorunluluk) Structure| SHOULD | MUST | |
|---|---|---|
| Anlamı | Öneri, tavsiye (yapsan iyi olur) | Zorunluluk (yapmalısın!) |
| Olumsuz | shouldn't = yapmasan iyi olur | mustn't = yasak, yapma! |
| Örnek (+) | We should save water. | We must stop wasting water. |
| Örnek (−) | You shouldn't waste energy. | You mustn't pollute rivers. |
We should plant more trees to prevent erosion.
Erozyonu önlemek için daha fazla ağaç dikmeliyiz.
Schools should educate students to use less water.
Okullar öğrencilere daha az su kullanmayı öğretmeli.
We must stop wasting water sources.
Su kaynaklarını israf etmeyi durdurmalıyız.
because / so (Neden & Sonuç) Structure| BECAUSE (Çünkü) | SO (Bu yüzden) | |
|---|---|---|
| Anlamı | Neden bildirir | Sonuç bildirir |
| Sıra | Sonuç + because + neden | Neden + so + sonuç |
| Örnek | We will have droughts because we waste water. | We waste water, so we will have droughts. |
Glaciers are melting because of global warming.
Buzullar küresel ısınma yüzünden eriyor.
People cut down too many trees, so landslides are increasing.
İnsanlar çok fazla ağaç kesiyor, bu yüzden heyelanlar artıyor.
We should save energy because fossil fuels will run out.
Enerji tasarrufu yapmalıyız çünkü fosil yakıtlar tükenecek.
because neden (Why?) ...because we waste too much water.
so sonuç (What happens?) ...so we should stop wasting water.
Aynı cümleyi iki şekilde yazabilirsin:
We waste water, so there will be droughts. = There will be droughts because we waste water.
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