Vocabulary Focus
Grammar Focus
Social Language
Unit Vocabulary
Endangered Animals | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| polar bear | kutup ayısı | /ˈpəʊlə beə/ | Polar bears live in the Arctic and need ice to survive. |
| sea turtle | deniz kaplumbağası | /siː ˈtɜːtl/ | Sea turtles are threatened by marine pollution. |
| Asian elephant | Asya fili | /ˈeɪʒn ˈelɪfənt/ | The Asian elephant is smaller than the African elephant. |
| tiger | kaplan | /ˈtaɪɡə/ | Tigers live in jungles and are endangered because of overhunting. |
| whale | balina | /weɪl/ | Whales are the largest animals in the ocean. |
| great white shark | büyük beyaz köpekbalığı | /ɡreɪt waɪt ʃɑːk/ | The great white shark lives in the ocean. |
| penguin | penguen | /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/ | Penguins live in cold regions and cannot fly. |
| panda | panda | /ˈpændə/ | Pandas eat bamboo and live in Chinese forests. |
| dolphin | yunus | /ˈdɒlfɪn/ | Dolphins are intelligent and live in oceans. |
| chimpanzee | şempanze | /ˌtʃɪmpænˈziː/ | Chimpanzees live in the rainforests of Africa. |
| cheetah | çita | /ˈtʃiːtə/ | The cheetah is the fastest land animal. |
Animal Habitats | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| grasslands | çayırlar, otlaklar | /ˈɡrɑːslændz/ | Cheetahs run across the African grasslands. |
| rainforest | yağmur ormanı | /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ | Chimpanzees live in tropical rainforests. |
| woodland | ormanlık alan | /ˈwʊdlənd/ | Many animals find shelter in woodlands. |
| jungle | balta gürmemiş orman | /ˈdʒʌŋɡl/ | Tigers hide and hunt in the jungle. |
| ocean | okyanus | /ˈəʊʃn/ | Whales and dolphins live in the ocean. |
| desert | çöl | /ˈdezət/ | Very few animals can survive in the desert. |
| habitat | yaşam alanı | /ˈhæbɪtæt/ | We should protect the natural habitat of animals. |
| shelter | sığınak, barınak | /ˈʃeltə/ | Animals need shelter to hide from predators. |
Environmental Actions & Verbs | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| to survive | hayatta kalmak | /səˈvaɪv/ | Polar bears need ice to survive. |
| to protect | korumak | /prəˈtekt/ | We should protect endangered animals. |
| to threaten | tehdit etmek | /ˈθretn/ | Pollution threatens the survival of sea turtles. |
| to hunt | avlamak | /hʌnt/ | It is illegal to hunt endangered animals. |
| to breed | üremek, yetiştirmek | /briːd/ | Pandas breed very slowly in the wild. |
| to reduce | azaltmak | /rɪˈdjuːs/ | We should reduce water pollution. |
| to prevent | önlemek | /prɪˈvent/ | We can prevent habitat loss by planting trees. |
| to donate | bağışlamak | /dəʊˈneɪt/ | You can donate money to wildlife organisations. |
| to save | kurtarmak | /seɪv/ | We must act now to save endangered species. |
| to support | desteklemek | /səˈpɔːt/ | Support wildlife charities to help animals. |
| to affect | etkilemek | /əˈfekt/ | Climate change affects all living things. |
| to be at risk | risk altında olmak | /bi æt rɪsk/ | Many species are at risk of extinction. |
Environmental Issues | Word | Turkish | Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| wildlife | yaban hayatı | /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ | We must protect wildlife and their habitats. |
| endangered | nesli tükenmekte olan | /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ | Tigers are endangered animals. |
| habitat loss | yaşam alanı kaybı | /ˈhæbɪtæt lɒs/ | Habitat loss is the biggest threat to animals. |
| marine pollution | deniz kirliliği | /məˈriːn pəˈluːʃn/ | Marine pollution kills thousands of sea animals every year. |
| air pollution | hava kirliliği | /eə pəˈluːʃn/ | Air pollution affects both humans and animals. |
| overhunting | aşırı avlanma | /ˈəʊvəhʌntɪŋ/ | Overhunting has reduced the tiger population. |
| overfishing | aşırı avlanma (balık) | /ˈəʊvəfɪʃɪŋ/ | Overfishing threatens many sea species. |
| population | nüfus, popülasyon | /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ | The population of cheetahs is decreasing. |
| volunteer | gönüllü | /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ | She works as a volunteer at the animal shelter. |
| renewable | yenilenebilir | /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | We should use renewable energy sources. |
| illegal | yasadışı | /ɪˈliːɡl/ | It is illegal to hunt endangered animals. |
| survival | hayatta kalma | /səˈvaɪvl/ | Clean water is essential for the survival of all species. |
National Days — April & May | English | Turkish | Date | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Sovereignty and Children's Day | Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı | 23 April | We celebrate National Sovereignty and Children's Day on 23 April. |
| sovereignty | egemenlik | Sovereignty belongs to the nation. | |
| parliament | meclis | The Turkish Grand National Assembly (Parliament) was opened on 23 April 1920. | |
| Kut’ül Amare Victory | Kut’ül Amare Zaferi | 29 April | The Kut'ül Amare Victory is commemorated on 29 April. |
| Workers' Day | İşçi Bayramı | 1 May | Workers' Day is celebrated on 1 May around the world. |
| labour | emek, işçilik | We respect the labour of all workers. | |
| to celebrate | kutlamak | Children celebrate 23 April with joy and pride. |
Grammar
Simple Present Tense — Facts About Endangered AnimalsWe use the Simple Present to talk about general facts, habitual actions, and current situations.
Q: Which animals are endangered?
A: Leopards, cheetahs, and elephants are endangered animals.
Q: Where do endangered animals live?
A: They live in their natural habitats.
Q: What are their habitats?
A: Their habitats are oceans, deserts, woodlands, etc.
Q: What are the reasons for their endangerment?
A: Overhunting, water pollution, and habitat loss are the main reasons.
Simple Past Tense — Was/Were & There Was/There Were| Subject | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | was | was not (wasn't) |
| You / We / They | were | were not (weren't) |
Q: What was the population of leopards in the past?
A: There were about 700,000 leopards 50 years ago.
Q: What was the main habitat of tigers?
A: Their main habitat was the jungle.
Q: What were habitats like 50 years ago?
A: They were cleaner and safer than they are today.
There were about 700,000 leopards 50 years ago. Now there are only 250,000.
There was a large rainforest here, but now it's gone.
Were there many pandas in China 100 years ago? Yes, there were.
Modal "Should" — Advice for Animal ProtectionWe use "should" to give advice, make recommendations, and talk about what is right to do.
Q: What should we do to protect endangered animals?
A: We should protect their habitats.
Q: Should we reduce pollution?
A: Yes, we should reduce water and air pollution.
We should create safe areas for endangered animals.
People shouldn't hunt animals illegally.
We should donate to wildlife organisations.
Governments should make stricter laws against overhunting.
Social Language — Nature & Environment
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