Theme 8: Sports

Unit Vocabulary

Extreme & Outdoor Sports

Word	Type	Pronunciation	Meaning	Example
cliff diving	n.	/klɪf ˈdaɪvɪŋ/	uçurumdan atlama	Cliff diving is the acrobatic perfection of diving from a cliff.
wingsuit flying	n.	/ˈwɪŋsuːt/	kanat elbisesiyle uçma	Wingsuit fliers wear special parachute equipment.
bungee jumping	n.	/ˈbʌndʒi/	bungee atlama	Bungee jumping is one of the most thrilling extreme sports.
paragliding	n.	/ˈpærəɡlaɪdɪŋ/	yamaç paraşütü	Paragliding in Fethiye is a popular tourist activity.
rafting	n.	/ˈrɑːftɪŋ/	rafting	White-water rafting requires teamwork and courage.
thrilling	adj.	/ˈθrɪlɪŋ/	heyecan verici	Skydiving is one of the most thrilling experiences.
adrenaline	n.	/əˈdrenəlɪn/	adrenalin	Extreme sports give you an adrenaline rush.
adrenaline junkie	n.	/əˈdrenəlɪn ˈdʒʌŋki/	adrenalin bağımlısı	My brother is a real adrenaline junkie — he loves skydiving and bungee jumping.
freefall	n.	/ˈfriːfɔːl/	serbest düşüş	The freefall lasted about 60 seconds before the parachute opened.
deploy	v.	/dɪˈplɔɪ/	açmak (paraşüt), yerleştirmek	You must deploy your parachute at the right altitude.
altimeter	n.	/ˈæltɪmiːtər/	yükseklik ölçer, altimetre	Skydivers check their altimeter to know when to open the parachute.
harness	n.	/ˈhɑːnɪs/	emniyet kemeri, koşum	Always wear a harness when you go rock climbing.
knee pads	n.	/niː pædz/	dizlik	Skaters should always wear knee pads for protection.

General Sports Terms

Word	Type	Pronunciation	Meaning	Example
athlete	n.	/ˈæθliːt/	sporcu	She is a world-class athlete.
championship	n.	/ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/	şampiyona	He won the world championship three times.
tournament	n.	/ˈtʊənəmənt/	turnuva	The tournament attracted teams from 30 countries.
opponent	n.	/əˈpəʊnənt/	rakip	He defeated his opponent in the final round.
disability	n.	/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/	engellilik	The Paralympic Games is for athletes with disabilities.
agile	adj.	/ˈædʒaɪl/	çevik	A good sportsman should be agile and well-behaved.
accelerated	adj.	/əkˈseləreɪtɪd/	hızlandırılmış	The team followed an accelerated training programme before the Olympics.
accomplish	v.	/əˈkʌmplɪʃ/	başarmak, gerçekleştirmek	She accomplished her dream of winning an Olympic gold medal.
life-enhancing	adj.	/laɪf ɪnˈhɑːnsɪŋ/	hayatı zenginleştiren	Sport is a truly life-enhancing activity that improves both body and mind.
no pain no gain	idiom	/nəʊ peɪn nəʊ ɡeɪn/	acı çekmeden kazanç olmaz	The coach always says “no pain, no gain” during training sessions.
well-maintained	adj.	/wel meɪnˈteɪnd/	bakımlı, iyi korunan	Athletes perform better on well-maintained sports facilities.

Interviews & Reporting

Word	Type	Pronunciation	Meaning	Example
announce	v.	/əˈnaʊns/	duyurmak, ilan etmek	FILA announced that Hamza Yerlikaya is the wrestler of the century.
state	v.	/steɪt/	belirtmek, ifade etmek	The coach stated that the team was ready for the final.
claim	v.	/kleɪm/	iddia etmek	She claims that extreme sports are safer than people think.
interview	v./n.	/ˈɪntəvjuː/	röportaj yapmak, röportaj	We interviewed the champion after the match.
report	v./n.	/rɪˈpɔːt/	rapor etmek, haber	The journalist reported that the games were a success.
glimpse	v.	/ɡlɪmps/	göz atmak, bir anlık görmek	The documentary gives us a glimpse into the daily life of professional athletes.
show off	phV.	/ʃəʊ ɒf/	hava atmak, gösteriş yapmak	He likes to show off his skills during interviews.

Reported Speech — He says / said (that)…

Subject + says / say (that) + original tense (no change)

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
“All women can achieve their goals.”	She says that all women can achieve their goals.
“Doing sports helps teens develop.”	Psychologists say that doing sports helps teens develop.

Subject + said / told (that) + tense shifts back

Examples

“I like sportsmen who are smart.” He said that he liked sportsmen who were smart.

“We will win the championship.” The captain said that they would win the championship.

“I am training every day.” She said that she was training every day.

Verb	Usage	Example
say	say (that)…	He said that he was ready.
tell	tell someone (that)…	She told me that she loved tennis.
announce	announce (that)…	FILA announced that he was the best wrestler.
claim	claim (that)…	He claimed that he had won fairly.
state	state (that)…	The coach stated that the team was prepared.