Theme 5: Travel

Unit Vocabulary

Holiday Types & Experiences

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
adventure holiday (n)	macera tatili	/ədˈven.tʃər ˈhɒl.ɪ.deɪ/	We went on an adventure holiday in Costa Rica and tried zip-lining.
city break (n)	şehir tatili	/ˈsɪt.i breɪk/	A weekend city break to Barcelona is a great way to relax.
cruise holiday (n)	kruvaziyer tatili	/kruːz ˈhɒl.ɪ.deɪ/	My grandparents love going on a cruise holiday around the Mediterranean.
skiing holiday (n)	kayak tatili	/ˈskiː.ɪŋ ˈhɒl.ɪ.deɪ/	They go on a skiing holiday to Uludağ every winter.
culinary (adj)	mutfağa ait, yemekle ilgili	/ˈkʌl.ɪ.nər.i/	Istanbul is famous for its culinary traditions and delicious street food.
sophisticated (adj)	sofistike, seçkin	/səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/	Paris is known for its sophisticated restaurants and elegant cafés.
must-do (adj)	mutlaka yapılması gereken	/mʌst duː/	Visiting the Blue Mosque is a must-do activity in Istanbul.

Booking & Transport

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
book a room (v)	oda ayırtmak	/bʊk ə ruːm/	We need to book a room before the hotel is fully booked.
check out (v)	otelden çıkış yapmak	/tʃek aʊt/	We need to check out by noon or pay for an extra night.
confirm the reservation (v)	rezervasyonu onaylamak	/kənˈfɜːm ðə ˌrez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/	Please call the hotel to confirm the reservation before we leave.
departure time (n)	kalkış saati	/dɪˈpɑː.tʃər taɪm/	The departure time has been changed to 9:00 AM.
economy class (n)	ekonomi sınıfı	/ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi klɑːs/	We always fly economy class because it's much cheaper.
purchase (v)	satın almak	/ˈpɜː.tʃəs/	You can purchase your train tickets online in advance.
round trip (n)	gidiş-dönüş	/raʊnd trɪp/	A round trip ticket to Ankara costs less than two one-way tickets.
underground (n)	metro	/ˈʌn.də.ɡraʊnd/	The underground is the fastest way to get around London.

Planning & Expressions

Expression	Turkish	Example
adopt (v)	benimsemek	Many travellers adopt local customs when they visit a new country.
brolly (n)	şemsiye (İng. argosu)	Don't forget your brolly — it always rains in London!
set a budget (v)	bütçe belirlemek	It's important to set a budget before planning a holiday.
hit the road (idiom)	yola çıkmak	Let's hit the road early tomorrow to avoid the traffic.
thanks to sb/sth (prep)	sayesinde	Thanks to online booking, planning a trip is much easier now.

Grammar

Present Perfect Tense — Experiences & Results

Affirmative (+)

Subject + have / has + V3 (past participle)

Subject	Auxiliary	Example
I / You / We / They	have + V3	I have visited many countries.
He / She / It	has + V3	She has been to Paris three times.

Examples

I have visited many countries in my life.

Hayatımda birçok ülke ziyaret ettim.

She has been to Paris three times.

Paris'e üç kez gitti.

We have already booked our hotel room.

Otel odamızı çoktan ayırttık.

Negative (−)

Subject + haven't / hasn't + V3

Examples

I haven't tried a cruise holiday yet.

Henüz kruvaziyer tatili denemedim.

He hasn't confirmed the reservation.

Rezervasyonu onaylamadı.

They haven't been to Turkey before.

Daha önce Türkiye'ye gitmediler.

Questions (?)

Have / Has + subject + V3 ?

Q: Have you ever been to London?

A: Yes, I have. I went there last summer.

Q: How many countries has she visited?

A: She has visited twelve countries so far.

Time Expressions

Common Time Words

ever / never experience

already / yet completion

just recent past

since / for duration

so far / recently / lately up to now

Travel Examples

I have never been on an adventure holiday.

Have you ever tried a skiing holiday?

We have already purchased our tickets.

She hasn't checked out yet.

They have visited five cities so far.

Question Tags — Confirming Information

Positive Statement Negative Tag

Positive sentence, + auxiliary (negative) + subject?

Statement	Tag
You have been to London,	haven't you?
She has booked the hotel,	hasn't she?
They visited Paris last year,	didn't they?
We can take the underground,	can't we?

Negative Statement Positive Tag

Negative sentence, + auxiliary (positive) + subject?

Statement	Tag
You haven't packed your suitcase yet,	have you?
She doesn't like cruise holidays,	does she?
They won't miss the departure time,	will they?
He can't speak French,	can he?